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Cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and volumetric cortical bone mineral density (vCtBMD) were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at femur midshafts from 103 Wistar female rats receiving 0 (n = 12) or 15-1000 μg/kg/day sc of dexamethasone (n = 46) from 5 to 9 weeks of age, or 0 or 80 mg/kg 3/wk of Al(OH) 3 IP (n = 23,22) from 4 to 10 months of age. A bone...
This open, prospective therapeutic trial studied the effects of regular moderate androgen supplementation on bone mineral density in eugonadal men with established osteoporosis, and collected data on the safety of androgen therapy used in this setting. 23 men, aged 34-73 years, with vertebral crush fractures and back pain, in whom secondary causes of osteoporosis had been excluded, were treated with...
A computational model was developed to study the effects of short-and long-term periods of disuse osteopenia and repair to elucidate the interrelationships between bone mass, architecture, and strength. The model is one in which the sequence of structural change events is followed in time. This temporal feature contrasts with studies of real trabecular tissue which are necessarily cross-sectional...
The elemental composition of bone has been determined by inductively coupled atomic emission and mass spectrometry to test the hypothesis that changes in major or minor elemental concentrations may contribute to the risk of fracture. Femoral bone was obtained from patients at operation for the treatment of fracture and compared with that of patients with osteoarthrosis and a necropsy control group...
We studied retrospectively 51 patients with Paget's disease of bone treated with oral clodronate, 1600 mg daily given for 1 (n=23), 3 (n = 13), or 6 months (n = 15), to compare the effect of a variable length of treatment on the response rate to treatment and the duration of disease suppression. Activity of alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were measured before treatment at...
For evaluating the long-term effects of the bisphosphonate compound clodronate on the rat skeleton, 100 female rats were given subcutaneous injections of clodronate at doses of 0 (vehicle), 4 (low), or 12 (high) mg/kg per week, or 50 mg/kg every fourth week (cyclical). The treatment was started at 3 months of age and was continued for 6 months. The mechanical strength of bones was studied by torsion...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are both active regulators of bone remodeling. Several studies, mostly in animals and in vitro, have suggested that the two hormones act synergistically or interdependently. The aim of the present study was therefore to describe the actions of vitamin D alone on bone remodeling in the absence of circulating PTH. Bone biopsies were obtained from 12 patients...
The sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) has been implicated in bone resorption by osteoclasts. We have studied expression of NHE-1, an isoform of the NHE, in chicken bone marrow mononuclear phagocyte precursors during differentiation into the osteoclast phenotype in culture. A monoclonal antibody raised against the carboxy-terminus of NHE-1 detected the presence of a 100 kDa protein (similar to the...
We have investigated the influence of substrate topography on the timing and location of bone formation by rat osteoblasts. 250 μm thick slabs of dental tissues were used intact or had a rectangular grid of grooves ( 350 μm wide and of variable depth) cut with a diamond wheel. They were then seeded with rat calvarial osteoblasts and cultured in MEM with 10% FCS at 37°C in 5% CO 2 . Ascorbic...
To determine the effects of long-term daily oral alendronate sodium (ALN) on bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, 19 centers enrolled 516 postmenopausal women aged 45-80 years with spine bone mineral density (BMD) at least 2.5 SD below the mean for young premenopausal women in a 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly allocated to one of four treatment...
We report the results of long-term cyclical clodronate therapy (200 mg IV infusion every 3 weeks) on 235 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis recruited over 6 years. A retrospective analysis of clinical and instrumental findings in 183 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients was used as control data. Clodronate was well-tolerated and compliance was good. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased significantly...
Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and are widely used in the treatment of bone diseases. One of the side effects of administered aminobisphosphonates is transient fever and some biological changes that are suggestive of an acute phase response. Pamidronate [(3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1, 1-bisphosphonate] and ibandronate [1-hydroxy-3-(methylpentylamino) propylidenebisphosphonate]...
The effect of nasal salmon calcitonin (SCT) on bone has been investigated by densitometry, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and histomorphometry. 62 women (mean age 65 years) who had experienced Colles' fracture after menopause were randomized to receive either nasal salmon calcitonin (SCT) 200 IU or nasal placebo daily for 24 months. All received a daily supplement of 0.5 g calcium. There...
Recently, it was suggested that osteocytes are involved in the regulation of bone remodeling. We have examined human trabecular bone of the iliac crest of fracture patients and control subjects to determine if osteoporosis is associated with changes in osteocyte density or osteocyte death. The relationships of these parameters with age was also investigated. It was found that osteocyte death was...
The effects of tumor-conditioned media (TCM) derived from cultured cells from an oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (OHO) tumor on transformed human kidney cells were investigated. Dose-dependent cell detachment and aggregation occurred in kidney cells cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with TCM, but not in skin fibroblast controls, or in kidney cells cultured in the presence of serum...
A new marker for cells of the osteoblastic lineage was identified by raising monoclonal antibodies against an immortalized rat osteoblastic cell line. Among the different antibodies one was selected which, on tissue sections, strongly reacts with osteoblasts, preosteocytes, and osteocytes. This antibody, designated E11, recognizes an antigen localized at the cell surface. The cDNA encoding the E11...
Bisphosphonates are a unique class of drugs. As a family, they are characterized pharmacologically by their ability to inhibit bone resorption, whereas, pharmacokinetically, they are classified by their similarity in absorption, distribution, and elimination. Although all bisphosphonates have similar physicochemical properties, their antiresorbing activities differ substantially. Activity is dramatically...
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